ANTIBODIES🔱

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ANTIBODIES🔱

  • IgG

    • Most abundant, 65-70% found in blood plasma
    • monomer
    • Produced in primary and secondary, but more abundant in secondary
    • Function: formation of MAC and opsonization, neutralization: binding to any antigen
    • can be passed through the placenta

  • IgA

    • Diamer
    • found in saliva, sweat, mucosal lining of GI tract
    • found in milk lactation

  • IgM

    • either pentamer or monomer
    • Made in primary immune response
    • binding >complement protein > MAC or opsonization

  • IgE

    Monomer

    Found in respiratory tract mucosa, urogenital structure, lamina propria, lymphatic tissue, G.I tract mucosa

    Function: bind to FcEr1-receptor which released hs

  • IgD

    • Y monomer
    • B-cell receptor

  • TYPES OF IMMUNITY

    1. Passive

    Natural: IgG, IgA

    Artificial : Antivenom, Immunoglobin

    1. Active

    Natural: Infected by pathogen

    Artificial: Vaccine

Barrier Immunity :

Skin, physical barrier

i immune cells ii. antimicrobial protein iii. shedding of epithelial cells

It includes Respiratory epithelium, G.I epithelium, Genito-urinary epithelium, Nose and pharynx

Innate Immunity

  • Neutrophils
    • Most abundant 60-90 %
    • highly mobile and found in blood
    • first to respond
    • multi-lobed nucleus/ poly- morpho nuclear leukocytes
    • bacteria are trapped in phagosomes which fused with lysozomes.
  • Eosinophils
    • 2 lobed nucleus, google nucleus
    • 1-3% of WBC
    • multicellular parasites & bacteria
    • also responsible for allergies and asthma
  • Basophils
    • 0.5-1%
    • fighting parasites & blood clotting
    • granules contain heparin
    • involved in various allergic reactions
  • Mast Cells
    • found in connective tissue & mucous membrane
    • wound healing & microbial defences
    • granules contain histamines and heparin
    • link innate and adaptive immunity
  • Macrophage
    • large eaters & phagocytic cells
    • migrate from blood to tissue space for invading pathogens
  • Monocyte
    • one lobed
    • circulate in blood
  • Dendrite Cells
    • branch
    • found in the nose, skin, inner lining of I.T & Stomach
    • antigen-presenting cells
    • Langerhans cells
    • secrete type 1 interferons
  • Natural Killer Cells
    • do not attack microbes
    • kill your own defective cells
    • like tumour cells & virally infected cells

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